1, Technical txoj cai: LCD optical yam ntxwv thiab polarization tswj
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm LCD yog ua raws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules thiab lub teeb polarized. Cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules yog cov khoom siv nruab nrab ntawm cov kua thiab cov khib nyiab, thiab lawv cov axis ntev kev taw qhia tuaj yeem tig raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Thaum lub teeb dhau los ntawm ob daim phiaj polarizing (polarizer thiab analyzer), yog tias cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules tsis raug hluav taws xob, lub teeb tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas thiab qhov screen tshwm tsaus; Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules, lub polarization kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb hloov, thiab lub vijtsam zoo nkaus li ci los ntawm polarizer. Los ntawm kev tswj lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules, pixel brightness tswj tau tiav, uas tuaj yeem ua ke ua cov cim lossis cov duab.
Tus yuam sij rau kev siv xiav keeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov ntawv dawb yog nyob rau hauv "Negative Display" hom ntawm LCD. Hauv kev pom tsis zoo, xim tom qab ntawm LCD npo yog tsaus (xws li xiav) thiab cov cim yog lub teeb (xws li dawb). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog:
Backlight xaiv: Dawb backlight (xws li LED) yog siv. Tom qab lub teeb dhau los ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua txheej, cov khoom uas tsis tau thaiv los ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules tshwm dawb (cov cim), thiab qhov thaiv qhov chaw tshwm sim xim ntawm lub teeb tom qab dhau los ntawm cov polarizer (xiav tom qab).
Polarizers thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua: Los ntawm kev xaiv cov polarizers nrog cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb (xws li xiav polarizers) thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua (xws li STN hom kua siv lead ua), qhov saturation ntawm xiav keeb kwm yav dhau thiab qhov ci ntawm cov cim tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua.
Kev hloov kho qhov sib txawv: Los ntawm kev kho qhov tsav tsheb voltage lossis LCD txheej tuab, qhov ci qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cim thiab keeb kwm yav dhau tuaj yeem tswj tau kom paub meej meej nyeem tau txawm nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj teeb pom kev zoo.
2, Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev xaiv kho vajtse thiab kev tswj xyuas tsav tsheb
Kev xaiv kho vajtse: LCD hom thiab backlight tsim
Txhawm rau ua tiav xiav keeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov ntawv dawb tso rau ntawm qhov ntsuas LCD, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yuav tsum raug xaiv:
LCD hom: STN (Super Twisted Nematic) lossis HTN (High Twisted Nematic) LCD yog nyiam. Hom kua siv lead ua kua no muaj lub kaum sab xis siab (feem ntau yog 210℃-270 degree), uas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov sib txawv ntau dua thiab pom lub kaum sab xis dav dua, ua rau nws haum rau cov duab tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, STN hom LCD tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov sib piv ntawm 5: 1 thiab lub sijhawm teb ntawm 250-350 milliseconds hauv xiav tom qab cov ntawv nyeem dawb, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv.
Backlight tsim: Siv dawb LED backlight, lub teeb yog sib npaug los ntawm lub teeb qhia phaj lossis diffusion zaj duab xis los xyuas kom meej qhov ci ci ntawm cov cim. Lub backlight brightness yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li qhov kev siv scenario, piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej sab nraum zoov yuav tsum tau txhawb lub ci ci ntawm ntau tshaj 1000 nits kom tiv thaiv lub teeb muaj zog.
Polarizing zaj duab xis thiab lim: lo xiav polarizing zaj duab xis ntawm ob sab ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua txheej, los yog lim lub teeb rov qab los ntawm lub lim xiav los tsim cov keeb kwm xiav. Qee qhov kev daws teeb meem siab - kawg txais yuav RGBW thev naus laus zis (liab, ntsuab, xiav, dawb plaub- xim backlight), uas ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua haujlwm xim thiab lub zog ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib xyaw xim dawb thiab xiav.
Tsav tswj: kev tswj hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov kho tshiab
Kev tsav tsheb ntawm xiav keeb kwm yav dhau dawb cov ntawv qhia yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua molecules thiab backlight brightness, nrog cov tseem ceeb tsis xws li:
Logic voltage: feem ntau 4.5-5.5 volts, nrog tus nqi raug ntawm 5.0 volts. Lub input high voltage (VIH) yuav tsum muaj ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 2.4 volts, thiab qhov tsawg voltage (VIL) yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau 0.4 volts los xyuas kom meej lub teeb liab stability.
Kev hloov kho qhov sib txawv: Los ntawm kev kho qhov voltage ntawm V0 tus pin (txuas mus rau lub potentiometer) los tswj cov tuab ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua txheej, qhov ci qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cim thiab keeb kwm yav dhau tuaj yeem hloov kho. Piv txwv li, thaum V0 voltage yog 3.0 volts, qhov sib piv yog qhov zoo, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau ghosting.
Refresh zaus: Tus ncej tus nqi yuav tsum siab dua lossis sib npaug rau 128 Hz kom tsis txhob flickering. Dynamic zaub (xws li digital scrolling) yuav tsum siv lub sijhawm- sib koom scanning thev naus laus zis kom ua tiav qis- lub zog tso saib los ntawm kev hloov ntau lub raj digital sai sai.
Kev xaiv tsav IC: Xaiv tus tsav tsheb IC raws li kev xav tau. Piv txwv li, HD44780 maub los txhawb tus qauv cim LCD (xws li 1602 module), uas tuaj yeem tso saib cov ntawv, lej, thiab cov cim; Cov duab dot matrix tsav tsheb IC (xws li ST7920) txhawb nqa cov duab kev cai thiab cov zaub suav suav, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov cuab yeej sib cuam tshuam.
3, Daim ntawv thov scenarios: Los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Xiav tom qab dawb ntawv LCD yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no vim nws qhov sib txawv siab thiab muaj zog lub teeb nyeem tau:
Cov cuab yeej tswj kev lag luam: xws li ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas kub, ntsuas ntsuas, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntawv xiav thiab cov ntawv dawb tseem tuaj yeem nyeem kom meej hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub hoobkas, thiab qhov pom qhov txawv ntawm cov cim dawb thiab xiav keeb kwm yav dhau ua raws li cov qauv tsim qauv.
Automotive electronic instrument panels: Traditional automotive instrument panels (xws li speedometers thiab tachometers) feem ntau siv xiav tom qab dawb teb code LCD, ua ke nrog lub teeb ceeb toom liab, tsim kom pom cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb hierarchical. Qee cov qauv tsheb tshiab lub zog yuav muab cov ntawv xiav tom qab dawb nrog TFT puv -xim npo los txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm kev siv tshuab.
Cov cuab yeej ntse hauv tsev: xws li cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas kub, ntsuas ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntawv xiav tom qab thiab cov ntawv nyeem dawb tsis dazzling nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cim dawb thiab xiav keeb kwm yav dhau los ua kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev niaj hnub.
Cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov siv tau: xws li cov rooj nce toj, cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam. Cov xim xiav tom qab dawb LCD muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg dua nyob rau hauv lub hnub ncaj qha, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim dawb siab dua li cov xim dub, ntxiv dag zog rau kev nyeem ntawv.
